The frontier of recent Chinese social change

In the difficult process of transition from traditional agricultural to modern industrial civilization in China in recent times, the Yangtze basin has profoundly influenced and shaped the evolution of modern Chinese society with its superior geographical endowment, its tenacious economic base and its strong human ethos. The Yangtze basin explores the path to self-development of industry and prepares the ground for progressive dissemination of ideas and social change as a frontier for social change in recent times in China. One.

The Yangtze basin is the cradle of modern Chinese industry. In the Yangtze River basin, the dense network of dry tributaries, cross-sections, and sea, both provide an extremely good natural route for the transport of industrial raw materials and the flow of goods, while the highly developed agricultural, handicraft, financial and commercial networks within the basin provide an important support for the start-up and development of modern-day industries. In recent times, the Yangtze River basin has become a frontier for economic and cultural collisions and integration between China and the world, with a large number of port cities rapidly rising in the Yangtze basin. The recent collapse of Chinese industry began with the coupling of the Yangtze River basin geography with economic advantages. In 1861, Zhong Guozhou founded the Anqingnai Armaments Institute, one of the first modern-day military-industrial enterprises in the Yangtze River basin and even in China. In 1865, the Directorate-General of Manufacturing in Gangnam was established in Shanghai, with the predominance of the Yangtze River into the sea, and became the largest modern-day military enterprise opened by the maritime industry, not only to produce guns and guns, ships, but also to translate Western scientific and technological books and develop technical skills, thus laying the foundations of technology and talent for the industrial development of China in recent times. Since then, recent industries have emerged in the Yangtze basin, and the Long Triangle region has emerged as the most important manufacturing concentration in recent times: This is reflected not only in the relative integrity of the various industrial sectors within the manufacturing sector, but also in the total value, size and level of technology of the industries. At the same time, with the strong impetus of Zhang Ning, Hubei has been running a series of new-day industries, including the Hanyang Iron Plant, the Heavy Metal Mine, the Hanyang Warfare Plant and the Bus, Sae, the silk, the maze and other industries. By the end of the year, Wuhan smelting and paper-making industries were the first in the country, and textile industries were the second largest industrial centre in recent times after Shanghai. The creation and development of Han Metal Ping has significantly upgraded the region ' s position in the recent China regional economic landscape. Prior to 1922, Han Metallurgical Ping supplied two thirds of the country ' s railway rail tracks, covering the main lines of the major railways, such as Gyeonghan, Yanhan, Tsuihai, Zinpur and Piing. In 1891, the official port of Chongqing in the Upper Yangtze River was opened, and in the same year Luganyi established the first Chongqing factory of Changtai and Sen Changzhang, the modern industrial industry. After 1900, a number of textile factories, such as the Chongqing Gyeang Maung plant, which accounted for more than 30 per cent of the total number of knitting plants in the country during the same period, continued to be established. In 1908, the Zhongqing plant was built in the south coast of the Rocks, and by the twentieth century Chongqing had become the main machine silk base in Sichuan. In 1925, Lu Zhufu founded the People's Life Company in Chongqing, and by 1937 became the largest private company in our country's river shipping (Li, editor-in-chief, Chongqing History and Culture, Shaanxi People's Education Press, 2003, pp. 142-143). Following the outbreak of the fighting, a large number of industrial and mining enterprises in the eastern coast moved into the Kawasumi region, making Chongqing a rapidly growing war-time industrial centre — steel, machinery, chemical and textile — and by 1945 had gathered more than 1,690 mining enterprises, which accounted for one third of the country's total internal and domestic relocation plants at that time (Zhutao Editor-in-Chief, Study of Urban-Rural Relations in the Upper Near Yangtze River, Earth Press 2003, p. 167). The explosive growth of this crisis also demonstrates the strategic resilience of the Yangtze culture to proactively recast the industry in its historical transformation: It transforms geographical isolation into technological depths, makes the mountains a strategic hinterland, and makes the Kawasumi region a strong backstop for the nation-wide struggle. Recent industrial developments have contributed significantly to the rise of the Yangtze urban cluster, with extremely far-reaching implications for the reshaping of the economic landscape of recent times in China. The Yangtze River links China ' s natural economic regions of the East, Central and Western regions, and the cities of the two banks and the river basins, known as cities, are mostly rich in their history and have grown in ancient times. In recent times, in the midst of a tumultuous history, Shanghai, Suzhou, Nanjing, Wuhan, Chongqing and Chengdu have rapidly evolved as important industrial centres, science and technology centres, business centres and cultural centres, and have become the central engines driving the modern-day modernization process in China. According to statistics, in 1937, there were 3935 mining enterprises nationwide, of which 2,336, or 59 per cent, were located in the cities of Yangtze, Zhejiang and Zhejiang provinces (Hwang Pui, Ho Yi, China City General History, Sichuan University Press, 2020, p. 127). Shanghai is more of a nation-wide ox: in 1870, Shanghai accounted for 63.6 per cent of China ' s foreign trade (Zheng Yu Xuan: China's Foreign Trade and Industrial Development, Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences Press, 1984, p. 29. At the same time, the strong radioactivity of the Yangtze urban community has led to the emergence of a number of new industrial and business towns along the river, backwards and links between urban and rural areas, thus contributing to historic changes throughout the basin. The proliferation of technology, the flow of talent and the expansion of markets brought about by industrial clustering have led to increased industrial awareness throughout the country. The Yangtze River basin gradually explores the path to self-development of industry, from machinery in Shanghai to steel production in Wuhan, from the tinless textile industry to the Chongqing war industry, and lays the material foundation for the recent transformation of China ' s economy. Two.

The Yangtze basin is an important stage for the progressive dissemination of ideas in China in recent times. The Yangtze basin has been one of China ' s most important sources of advanced ideas since ancient times, and has been at the forefront of the dissemination of progressive ideas in the recent process of enlightenment and cultural change in China. The open geography of the Yangtze river basin, along with economic and human development, has created a deep and inclusive cultural tradition that values realism and provides a humanistic basis for its integration into Western thinking, in which the native gents, student groups and the emerging civic class act as agents for the transformation of ideas. In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the important change in China ' s mind was the emergence of a new intellectual community, with the Yangtze River basin playing an important role. Student retention is one of the main sources of new intellectuals, as in the case of the number of students in the two provinces, “the number of students in Hunan who stayed on days between 1898 and 1911 was at least 2,000, with a high percentage of students in the country” (Ho Chuyong: The Sinhe Revolution in the Two Lake Areas, 2008 edition, p. 72). Before the Sinha revolution, more than 5,000 students (including self-serving students) from Hubei were ranked first in the country (Li Lihua, editor-in-chief, Tawey, “From Ocean Affairs Movement to Reform and Open: The Wuhan Centennial Thinking Study”, Wuhan Press 2014, p. 192). In the aftermath of the opium war, the national crisis gave rise to a wave of thought. Shanghai was the first to become a major window of cultural exchange between Central and Western China, and Western science and technology, political thought, education systems, etc. are rapidly spreading to watersheds through Yangtze shipping. The Yangtze River basin, which is a high-intensity area for commercial crossings, is at the forefront of the East West Institute. Wei Qian, who came out of Hunan Sunyang, proposed “the skill of a teacher to raze”. In Hunan province, the Zhengzhou people founded the Anqinai Armaments Institute, which brought together top Chinese scientists, such as Xu, Hua Zhongfang and Li Sun-ran, to develop China ' s first steam engine. The translation of a large number of scientific and technical works by the Jiangnan Manufacturing Department is an important exploration of the idea of “Western China”. Zhang Jiegu actively pursued the New Deal by creating the Forces nouvelles and the Bi-Lake Books, reforming the traditional educational content, adding Western studies, and developing a pool of people with both traditional and modern perspectives. After the midday war, the ethnic crisis was unprecedented, and the dissemination of new ideas and new practices were overwhelming. The Yangtze basin has become an important laboratory area for the New Change Movement. Liang Kai-Chai founded the Times in Shanghai to promote new ideas with a popular pen, which is rapidly spreading throughout the basin. Since then, there has been an increase in the collection, the strong, and the real-life newspaper. These newspapers, which promote Western civilization and advocate for improvement and revolution, have given a powerful impetus to the modernization of the culture of the sea (Chang Gui, " Candle Fire Pay - Origin and Development of Civilization in the Yangtze Basin " , Wuhan Press, 2006, pp. 259-260). In Tianjin, the Antheism was translated as follows: “The 1898 Makoto Makiki Shibai Naiji's Anthropology was widely disseminated and influenced between 1898 and 1905. The most popular print edition was the commercial edition of The Astronomical Theory, with the greatest impact” (King Tiangen: The Spread of the Astronomical Theory and Its Impact, The Daily Light, Historic Edition, 28 January 2007). As a result, the ideas of the astronomical thesis “The natural choice, the survival of the fittest” have awakened the nation's sense of crisis and change through publications in Shanghai and Hubei. The Hunan Times School has developed a new generation of talent, and Tan Shih has also put forward the philosophy of philosophies and advocated a comprehensive reform of the political, economic and cultural systems to bring about the transformation of modern Chinese society. By the end of the night, the Yangtze River basin has further become an important source of revolutionary thinking. In 1905, the Alliance was established in Tokyo, but the heart of the dissemination of revolutionary ideas in the Yangtze basin remains: Shanghai became the centre for the publication of the revolutionary newspaper, with the domestic publication of the newspaper The People's newspaper and the publication of revolutionary books above the sea as the focal point for the revolutionists, and Chen Xio-soo and others promoted anti-Chongqing ideas; Wuhan's Revolutionary Group Lithing Society, the Communist Party, based on the networks and information flows in the Toi Yangtian basin, established the ideological basis for the uprising in Wuchang; the well-known Sichuan Pedagogical Movement became the key catalyst for the destruction of the DPRK. During the period of the new cultural movement, the Yangtze River basin became the centrepiece of cultural innovation. Chen Soo-soo launched the Youth Journal in Shanghai, raising the banner “Democracy and Science” and advocating for the emancipation of ideas. Following the outbreak of the campaign, the cities of Shanghai, Wuhan, Changsha and Nanjing in the Yangtze River basin responded quickly, and the white words and new ideas promoted by the new cultural movement were quickly disseminated throughout the country through newspapers and schools in the Yangtze basin. The widespread dissemination of Marxism in the Yangtze basin is an important part of China ' s recent intellectual transformation and revolutionary practices. The Yangtze River basin, with its geographical and human dimensions, provides a natural soil for Marxist transmission, which, based on the Yangtze River basin network of surface and surface transport, commercial and commercial convergence and intellectual groups, has created a cycling pattern of up-to-down, with two lakes at its core. Chen, Mao Zedong, Zai and Sam, Tung Bingwu and Yong Dynamite, a large group of communists from the Yangtze River basin, are committed to spreading Marxism, actively preparing for the establishment of the pro-poor political parties, exploring the path to survival, and forging an early group of Marxists and revolutionarys. The widespread dissemination of progressive ideas in the Yangtze basin has not only broken down the barriers of geography and thought, but has also contributed to changing attitudes in Chinese society and to the transformation of modern Chinese society. III

The Yangtze basin is the main source of social change in recent times in China. From institutional change to the political revolution, from social mobilization to national awakening, the Yangtze River basin, with its economic, intellectual and organizational basis, has become a place of assembly and explosion for the forces of change. The economic transformation of the Yangtze River basin has led to the emergence of a new social class, with the rise of the national bourgeois and proletarian classes providing the social force for change, and the spiritual support for social change that is inspired by a sense of change. The outbreak of the Sinha revolution was a landmark event in the Yangtze River basin as the main source of social change. Wuhan has become a assembly site for revolutionary forces, with its pivotal position in the Yangtze River, its deep industrial base and a vibrant revolutionary atmosphere. In October 1911, after the outbreak of the Wuchang uprising and the climax of the Xinhe revolution, the thuwar quickly took control of the three towns of Wuhan, the nation responded and finally overthrew the feudal monarchy that had ruled China for more than 2,000 years. The economic and social fabric of the Yangtze River basin provides the right “soil” for the outbreak of the Xinhe revolution, whose results have spread rapidly to the north and south of the river. The Great Lakes region is an important area for the early dissemination of Marxism in China, which has led to a move from theoretical translation to revolutionary practice. In 1921, the Chinese Communist Party held a conference in Shanghai to officially declare its birth, a major event in China ' s history. After the establishment of the Communist Party of China, Yangjiang River Basin played an important role in the party ' s leadership of the revolution: Vuhan is at the centre of the Great Revolution; the South Chang Revolution, the Autumn Revolution, and the Iiokayama Revolution, based on the ground, have gradually explored the right path for a revolution in rural areas that surrounds cities and seizes power by armed force; the in-house relocation of factories and the transfer of cultural institutions in the Yangtze River basin during the war against Japan, with the south-west hinterland, with Kawasu at its core, became the strong back of the struggle; and the liberation of the cities of Nanjing, Shanghai and Wuhan during the war of liberation, with far-reaching consequences. Social change in the Yangtze basin is reflected not only in the political revolution but also in the profound transformation of the social fabric. The proletariat that has emerged from recent industrial development has become a central force for social change. In 1906, the coalition launched a “Pingbong uprising” outside the border, in which more than 6,000 workers participated in the Angen coal mine. Since its inception, the Communist Party of China has been very concerned about the workers ' movement of Han Metalping Corporation. Under the leadership of the Party, a large and well-organized Han Metalping worker has become an important revolutionary force, many of whom have participated in the North War. Following the fall-round intifada, a large number of mine workers and peri-urban farmers participated in the uprising. In its letter to the Hunan Provincial Council, CCP stated that “the leaders and pioneers of the hundreds of miles of the battle against Ping townships and suns are trained Angen workers.” (The Jiangxi Province Trade Union Book, Fong Zhi, 2003 Edition, p. 4) Later, in the process of building and fighting on the basis of the Higokayama Revolution, the Chinese metallurgy workers were not missing. The experience of the Iiokayama Revolution was first spread in the Yangtze basin and then through the Yangtze basin to other revolution sites. “From the heights of the Party and the Chinese Revolution, the experience of the Iiokayama Revolution was spread in the Yangtze region, which greatly enriched Marxist military doctrine, and led to a strategic consensus for the advancement of the Iiokayama Road from regional experience to the Party as a whole” (Tang Song: The Pilot Ionioka Challenge was based on the Yangtze Revolution (1927-1934), and the Yangtang Cultural Study, No. 3, 2025). (author: Zhang Weedong, Research Fellow, Centre for the Study of China's Specialist Socialist Theoretical Systems in Hubei Province, Faculty of Social Sciences, Executive Editor, Yangtze Cultural Research)