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Electrical Engineering and Systems Science > Signal Processing

Title:Lightning Tracking: Detecting, Characterizing and Identifying Robust Space-Based GNSS Interference Sources

View PDF HTML (Experiment)Summary: This paper analyzes and identifies sources of space-based Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) interference that have caused numerous strong transient wide-area interference events in continental Europe, Greenland, and Canada since 2019. Although terrestrial or near-ground sources are primarily responsible for the recent increase in GNSS interference worldwide, space-based interferers are special. This is a concern given the potential for broad geographic coverage and the potential for qualitative expansion of GNSS interference. Based on data collected between 2019 and 2026 from a network of terrestrial GNSS reference stations, this paper (1) develops a received power-based sensing framework; (2) Describe in detail the spatial, temporal, and spectral patterns of wide-area interference events caused by the source. (3) We present and analyze an identification technique that blends received power and time-of-arrival measurements. (4) Applying these techniques, we reliably identify the source of GNSS interference as the Russian early warning satellite constellation in Molniya (“Lightning”) orbit.

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